Canine Leishmania: What you need to know to protect your pet

Canine leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes of the Phlebotomus genus, commonly known as sandflies. This disease mainly affects dogs, although it can also affect humans and other animals. Here we explain what it is, how it is transmitted, what its symptoms are and how to protect your pet.

What is Leishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis is caused by a parasite called Leishmania, which is found in various parts of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Infected dogs can show symptoms ranging from mild to severe, affecting their health and well-being.

How is it transmitted?

Transmission occurs primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito. When the mosquito bites a dog, it introduces the parasite into its system. It is important to note that the disease is not transmitted from dog to dog or to humans directly. Transplacental or vertical (mother-child) transmission is possible but less common.

Symptoms of leishmaniasis

Symptoms can vary, and some dogs may not show visible signs for months or even years. However, the most common symptoms include:

- Weight loss: despite having a normal appetite.

- Skin lesions: ulcers or scabs, especially in areas such as the face and ears.

- Swollen lymph nodes: may be painful to the touch.

- Eye problems: inflammation, discharge, or blindness.

- Fatigue and weakness: The dog may appear lethargic.

Diagnosis

If you suspect your dog may be infected, it is crucial to take him to the vet. Diagnosis is made through blood tests, rapid tests, serological tests and, in some cases, skin biopsies.

Treatment

Treatment for leishmaniasis can be complex and often requires a combination of medications. The most common are:

- Antimonials: injections that help eliminate the parasite.

- Allopurinol: a medication used long-term to control the disease.

- Nucleotides: various molecules that help control the dog's immune system and keep the disease at bay.

It is essential to follow your veterinarian's recommendations and maintain regular monitoring.

Prevention

Preventing leishmaniasis is key to protecting your dog. Here are some steps you can take:

1. Insect repellents: Use specific products for dogs that contain permethrin or other active ingredients that repel mosquitoes.

2. Antiparasitic collars: there are collars designed to protect against sandflies. Keeping in mind how long they last and keeping them clean is essential.

3. Vaccination: Vaccines are available that can help prevent infection. They are not a substitute for repellents, but they are an additional tool.

4. Environmental control: Keep your dog indoors during peak mosquito activity times, especially at dawn and dusk. Areas with standing water are the most dangerous because sandflies breed there.

5. Veterinary check-ups: Perform regular check-ups to detect any signs of illness.

Conclusion

Canine leishmaniasis is a serious disease, but with the right information and measures, you can protect your pet. Stay informed and consult your veterinarian about best practices for prevention and care of your dog. Taking care of your pet's health is essential, and preventing disease is an essential part of that care.